Village Courts operate in
over 80% of Papua New Guinea and provide an inexpensive, readily available
means by which ordinary people can seek justice. It is estimated that 13,000
officials conduct 1,100 Village Courts, hearing about half a million cases
every year. They operate under the Village Courts Act 1989 (passed in 1974)
and the principal purpose is to maintain harmony within the community
through mediation and application of customary law. A significant impact has
been the Organic Law on Provincial and Local Level governments 1995 which
shifted some responsibility from the national to provincial governments.